No detailed description available for "G. H. Mead's Concept of Rationality".

There is an increase in the use of in-door wireless networking solutions via Wi-Fi and this increase infiltrated and utilized Wi-Fi enable devices, as well as smart mobiles, games consoles, security systems, tablet PCs and smart TVs. Thus the demand on Wi-Fi connections increased rapidly. Rule Based System is an essential method in helping using the human expertise in many challenging fields. In this paper, a Rule Based System was designed and developed for diagnosing the wireless connection problems and attain (...) a precise decision about the cause of the problem. SL5 Object expert system language was used in developing the rule based system. An Evaluation of the rule based system was carried out to test its accuracy and the results were promising. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to present a new witness of Averroes' reception in the Muslim world, in the years that immediately followed his death. Indeed Abū al-Ḥağğāğ al-Miklātī is an Ašʿarite theologian, who was born in Fez. He is the author of a Quintessence of the Intellects in Response to Philosophers on the Science of Principles in which he aims at refuting the Peripatetic philosophers in their own field, using their own weapons. This article will first attempt to (...) draw the portrait of this atypical theologian. It will then focus on showing that al-Miklātī – although he never mentions his name – is a reader of Averroes and in particular, of his Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, of which he makes various and unexpected uses. A close look at these uses will enable us to better define the nature of al-Miklātī's work. More importantly, this article will try to prove that al-Miklātī provides us with a key passage of Averroes' lost treatise On the Prime Mover. At the heart of the Rushdian criticism of Avicenna's “metaphysical” proof, this passage should throw new light on Averroes' precise understanding of this proof.L'objectif de cet article est de présenter un nouveau témoin de la réception d'Averroès dans le monde musulman, dans les années qui suivirent immédiatement sa mort. En effet, Abū al-Ḥağğāğ al-Miklātī est un théologien ašʿarite, né à Fès. Il est l'auteur d'une Quintessence des intellects en vue de répondre aux philosophes en matière de science des fondements, où il entreprend de réfuter les philosophes – les Péripatéticiens en premier lieu – sur leur terrain et avec leurs propres armes. Cet article cherchera dans un premier temps à dresser le profil de ce théologien atypique. Il s'attachera ensuite à montrer qu'al-Miklātī – bien qu'il ne mentionne pas une seule fois son nom – est un lecteur d'Averroès et en particulier de son Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, dont il fait des usages variés et inattendus. L'examen de ces usages permettra de mieux définir le statut de l'œuvre d'al-Miklātī. Enfin, et surtout, cet article tentera de prouver qu'al-Miklātī nous fournit un passage clé d'un traité perdu d'Averroès: le Traité sur le Premier Moteur. Au cœur de la critique rushdienne de la preuve “métaphysique” d'Avicenne, ce passage devrait apporter un éclairage nouveau à la compréhension qu'Averroès pouvait avoir de cette preuve.Send article to KindleTo send this article to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.AL-MIKLĀTĪ, A TWELFTH CENTURY AŠʿARITE READER OF AVERROESVolume 22, Issue 2Yamina Adouhane DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095742391200001XYour Kindle email address Please provide your Kindle [email protected]@kindle.com Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Dropbox To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox. AL-MIKLĀTĪ, A TWELFTH CENTURY AŠʿARITE READER OF AVERROESVolume 22, Issue 2Yamina Adouhane DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095742391200001XAvailable formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Google Drive To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive. AL-MIKLĀTĪ, A TWELFTH CENTURY AŠʿARITE READER OF AVERROESVolume 22, Issue 2Yamina Adouhane DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095742391200001XAvailable formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Export citation Request permission. (shrink)

Arabic language; linguistics; studying and teaching.

Relevance of Sikh philosophy in 21st century; articles.

Fibre suspension has garnered considerable attention in turbulent flows that are used in many industries. Solid particles, such as dust particles, notably affect the turbulent flow field in a rotational frame. In assessing their impacts, the dusty turbulent flow for fibre suspensions needs to be studied in a frame of rotation that can be substantially applied in many industries. This study, therefore, aims to build a theoretical model for the energy motion of dusty turbulent flow of fibre suspensions in a (...) rotational frame. The turbulence momentum equation was considered to formulate the model in presence of dusty fluid rotating flow of fibre suspensions. The newly derived equation was derived in second-order correlation tensors Fi,j, Wi,j, Gi,j, Si,j, Xi,j, Yi,j, Qi,j, and Ri,j at any two points in the flow domain, where the tensors were expressed as space, time, and distance functions. The developed model is a considerable improvement because it takes into account all of the potential influential parameters that could affect the motion of turbulent energy, such as dust particles, suspending particles, and rotating frame. However, the impact of these parameters on turbulence energy motion must be evaluated in order to assess the performance of turbulence systems utilized in a variety of industries, such as paper manufacturing. The present theoretical development will contribute to open up experimental and numerical research opportunities for the advancement of the industry, science, and technology. (shrink)

En estas páginas sólo se enumeran de manera puntual un conjunto de prejuicios políticos que están impidiendo un debate razonable sobre la democracia; aún cuando también incluyen unas consideraciones sobre algunas consecuencias prácticas que han provocado esos prejuicios. En especial, se argumentará que en América Latina (para usar este nombre genérico que oculta diferencias culturales, realidades sociales e importantes matices políticos) esos prejuicios han cultivado y justificado una comprensión y una acción política que ha resultado perjudicial para el sistema democrático; (...) al igual que desastrosa para casi todos los ciudadanos, incluidos quienes se han encargado de promoverla y liderarla. Palabras clave: América Latina; democracia; política sin reglas; prejuicios políticos; fraude; estafa; uso instrumental del poder; consecuencias prácticas; debate razonable; comprensión de la política; lenguaje político, fe pública. Politics without Rules (The Four Prejudices of Apocalypse)In the following pages I simply list a series of political prejudices which prevent a reasonable debate on democracy. I also consider some practical consequences which such prejudices have brought about. Especially, I argue that in Latin America (a generic name that masks cultural differences, social realities and important political overtones), these prejudices have encouraged and justified both an understanding and a political action that have proven not only harmful to the democratic system, but also disastrous to almost all citizens, including those who have led and promoted the former. Keywords: Latin America; democracy; politics without rules; political prejudices; fraud; scam; instrumental use of power;practical consequences; reasonable debate; understanding of politics; political language; public faith. (shrink)

This essay is concerned with the complex relationships between falsafa and kalām. As regards the history of the latter, it has been generally agreed that al-Juwaynī played a decisive role at a moment when Avicennism became intrusive. It is mainly in his al-ʿAqīda al-niẓāmiyya that al-Juwaynī initiated a doctrinal and methodic evolution of Ashʿarism. One necessarily invokes here Ibn Rushd, who, by exposing the dogmas in their literal manifestation in his al-Kashf ʿan manāhij al-adilla fī ʿaqāʾid al-milla, actually sought to (...) operate a systematic refutation of the Ashʿarites' theses. It should be noted, however, that, despite his critical distance, Ibn Rushd nonetheless remained attentive to al-Juwaynī's evolutionary study. In this contribution, some aspects of the major issues in kalām will be examined: the existence of God and the argument of takhṣīṣ, His unicity and the argument of mumānaʿa, as well as human agency with the acknowledgement of man's capacity and its role. Albeit limited in scope, the essay attempts to make a more profound evaluation of al-Juwaynī's role at a crucial moment of the history of kalām in its specific development during which the Great Masters have not always been faithful to the classical tenets of their school, but also in its relations with falsafa and its influence on al-Juwaynī, and then and mainly on his disciple al-Ghazālī's theological thought.Le présent travail concerne les rapports complexes qui ont existé entre la falsafa et le kalām. Pour l'histoire propre de ce dernier, l'on s'accorde sur le rôle de premier ordre joué par al-Juwaynī à un moment décisif où l'avicennisme devenait envahissant. C'est surtout dans al-ʿAqīda al-niẓāmiyya qu'il fit évoluer l'ashʿarisme aussi bien dans la doctrine que dans la méthode. Le témoignage d'un faylasūf est ici invoqué. Ibn Rushd, en voulant exposer dans al-Kashf ʿan manāhij al-adilla fī ʿaqāʾid al-milla les dogmes dans leur sens manifeste, a cherché à opérer une réfutation systématique des thèses ashʿarites. Ce faisant, il a été attentif au renouvellement opéré par al-Juwaynī. Tout en restant critique à son égard, il a trouvé chez lui un réconfort à sa polémique anti-ashʿarite. Sont évoqués ici certains aspects des questions majeures dans le kalām: l'existence de Dieu avec l'argument de takhṣīṣ, Son unicité avec l'argument de l'empêchement mutuel, et les actes humains avec l'affirmation de la capacité de l'homme et le rôle de celle-ci. Même si le travail présenté ici peut être continué et élargi, il cherche à avoir une appréciation plus exacte du rôle joué par ce grand maître de l'ashʿarisme à travers son petit traité, à une époque jugée cruciale dans l'histoire du kalām selon son développement propre au cours duquel les grands maîtres n'ont pas été toujours fidèles aux doctrines classiques de l'École, mais aussi dans ses rapports avec la falsafa et l'influence de celle-ci sur la pensée théologique d'al-Juwaynī et puis et surtout sur celle de son disciple al-Ghazālī.Send article to KindleTo send this article to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.REGARDS D'IBN RUSHD SUR AL-JUWAYNĪ QUESTIONS DE MÉTHODEVolume 22, Issue 2Mokdad Arfa Mensia DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423912000021Your Kindle email address Please provide your Kindle [email protected]@kindle.com Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Dropbox To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox. REGARDS D'IBN RUSHD SUR AL-JUWAYNĪ QUESTIONS DE MÉTHODEVolume 22, Issue 2Mokdad Arfa Mensia DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423912000021Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Send article to Google Drive To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive. REGARDS D'IBN RUSHD SUR AL-JUWAYNĪ QUESTIONS DE MÉTHODEVolume 22, Issue 2Mokdad Arfa Mensia DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423912000021Available formats PDF Please select a format to send. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal use, and will not openly distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Please confirm that you accept the terms of use. Cancel Send ×Export citation Request permission. (shrink)

Posthumanism reformulates the idea of human agency and its relationship with the natural world. By shunning dualisms, it blurs the man-made boundaries between the human and the animal in the natural and technological world. As a rejection of universality, posthumanist studies aim to rearrange the way we view societal values through a more intersectional approach, without completely divorcing itself from the tradition of humanism. Instead, it seeks to expand the way the human interacts with the wider world, and in the (...) case of The Vegetarian, the title character Yeong-hye’s actions may be part of a moral imperative. (shrink)

강병호는 자신의 논문에서 호네트의 인정도덕 구상이 드러나는 모든 글을 체계적으로 검토하여, 칸트의 의무론적 요소를 발굴하고, 칸트의 존중개념을 통해 이를 의무론적으로 재구조화하겠다고 한다. 그리고 강병호는 이를 국내에서도 국외에서도 드문 시도라고 자평하면서, 호네트를 비롯한 국내 연구자들에게 대한 신랄한 비판을 가한다. 본 논문에서는 강병호의 주장과 비판이 과연 정당한지를 검토하기 위해, 첫째, 강병호의 비판 대상이 되는 호네트의 인정도덕 구상이 어떤 것인지 소개할 것이다. 그리고 이에 이어서 둘째, 호네트가 칸트의 의무론적 요소를 경시했고, 도덕에 대한 기능주의적 파악과 규범적 정당화를 범주적으로 혼동했다는 강병호의 비판이 과연 정당한지를 살펴볼 (...) 것이다. 그리고 끝으로 강병호가 칸트의 존중 개념을 통해 인정이론을 재구조화한다는 것이 과연 무엇을 의미하는지를 검토하면서 그 타당성을 따져 볼 것이다. (shrink)

혜강 최한기의 사상적 특징은 자연과 인간의 소통 관계를 해명하는 것이다. 또한 사회의 발전 논리를 기의 운동성에서 찾고, 그 논리적 구도를 재조직하여 사회적 발전 구도를 만드는 것이다. 곧 기의 본질적 특성인 형질성과 운동성을 자연의 전형 및 합리성으로 삼아 인간 사회의 합리성과 변화를 해명하는 것이다. 나아가 자연에 기초한 사회 발전의 논리를 확대하여 사회적 건전성의 조건이 무엇인지를 탐색한다. 그는 유가의 전통적 경세론에 기초하여 이 질문에 답한다. 그것은 기의 객관성과 운동성에 기초한 사무론의 전개이다. 그리고 다양한 사무에서 발생하는 사회적 이익을 소통시키는 논리의 제시이다. 곧 운화개념에 (...) 기초한 통공역사(通功易事)의 논리를 제시한 것이다. 통공역사는 사회적 재화의 소통, 즉 사회적 부의 분배 문제에 귀결되고, 사회적 공공성을 실현하는 논리가 된다. 이것은 현대 사회의 사회복지 및 사회정의에 연결시킬 수 있다. 이 점에서 우리는 사회적 재화의 소통에 따른 사회적 건전성의 확보와 사회 구성원의 행복을 말할 수 있다. 그리고 다양한 사회 구성원이 공존할 수 있는 근거를 말할 수 있다. (shrink)

이 글에서는 조선 말기에 살았던 증산(甑山) 강일순(姜一淳, 1871∼1909)의 도덕론을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 논자는 증산이 인간과 신명과의 감응(感應)을 통해 도덕의 실천을 더 강화하고 있다는 점을 밝히고자 한다. 증산은 인간이 자율적으로 도덕을 실천할 수 있다고 보았다. 증산은 인간의 마음이 천지의 중앙(中央)이자 원(冤)을 품고 풀 수 있는 해원(解冤)의 기능이 담겨 있다고 여겼기 때문이다. 하지만 증산은 도덕적 자율성을 지닌 인간의 마음에는 이기적 욕망과 사곡된 마음도 함께 존재한다고 여겼고 이를 이겨내기 위해서는 신명을 인식해야 한다고 강조한다. 천지의 신명이 수찰(垂察)하고 있기에 일상에서 자신의 마음을 반성해 나갈 (...) 수 있다는 것이다. 그런데 증산은 더 나아가 인간과 신명이 마음을 통해 감응하고 있어서 현실 속에서 진리 구현의 생활화가 실현된다고 밝힌다. 이를 통해 상제의 주재하에 있는 신명과 조화할 수 있고 신명을 인식하며 마음을 올바르게 가질 수 있게 되는 것이다. 이는 도덕을 실천하기 위한 견고한 수양의 방안을 제시한 것이라 볼 수 있다. (shrink)

강유위는 근대 중국 변법파의 대표적 인물로 동서고금을 가로지르는 그의 학문적 열정과 救世精神은 다양한 영역에서 괄목할 만한 성과를 만들어 냈다. 특히 전통을 비판적으로 수용하는 과정 속에서 그가 무기로 삼았던 서양 근대과학은 전통 ‘天道’ 관념을 비판하는 데 매우 효과적이었으며, 이를 기초로 발전시킨 변화관과 演化사상은 그가 궁극적으로 추구하는 ‘大同社會’를 그려내는 데 막대한 영향을 미쳤다. 그는 서양의 근대 과학과 학술에 대해 강렬한 知的 욕구를 가지고 있었지만 체계적인 西學 교육을 받지 못했기에 여러 한계를 드러냈다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그의 사상역정은 양무운동 시기의 “器物”적 과학인식 태도를 벗어나 보편적 (...) 가치 체계로서 과학을 인식할 수 있는 계기를 마련했다는 점에서 매우 중요한 의의가 있다 康有爲는 서양 진화론의 영향을 받아 비록 대동 이상을 제시하긴 하였지만 “大同極樂”이 “此岸世界”에서 절대로 실현될 수 없음을 잘 알고 있었기에 大同의 이상으로부터 이탈해 “天遊”경지로 관심을 돌리게 되었다. 즉 이상과 현실의 괴리, 그리고 그가 가정한 單線的 大同主義의 실현 불가능에 대한 생각이 그를 “天遊” 경계로 나아가게 한 것이다. 康有爲는 젊은 시절 그가 찬탄해 마지않았던 과학 기구가 사람의 인식능력을 확대시켜 “大道”에 가까이 가도록 해 준다는 점에는 여전히 동의하고 있었다. 하지만 “器物”과 인간 感官의 유한한 능력이 “天”의 무한함에 비추어볼 때 보잘 것 없다는 것은 그를 절망적으로 만드는 점이었다. 그는 현실 사회와 정치를 개혁하는 데 있어서도 이런 비관적인 현실에 깊은 절망감을 느꼈다. 이런 비관주의적 경향은 그가 大同 이상을 추구하기보다 “天遊”경지에 경도되게 된 이유이며, 『大同書』를 완성함과 동시에 곧바로 『諸天講』을 저술함으로써 사람들이 혼란된 사회 속에서 인생 위안을 얻을 수 있는 “天遊之學”을 제창한 원인이라 할 수 있다. (shrink)